Make WAPIs
Offering sustainable technology to the residents of impoverished countries; empowering them to improve their quality of life.
Offering sustainable technology to the residents of impoverished countries; empowering them to improve their quality of life.
Welcome
Thank you for visiting our WAPI webpage. Hopefully there is everything you need to know about WAPI's and if you have any questions or are interesting in making or receiving WAPI's don't be afraid contact us.
What are WAPIs?
The reusable WAPI (Water Pasteurization Indicator) is a simple, low cost device containing a special soy wax that helps users determine when water has reached pasteurization temperatures. The wax melts at the same temperature as the water is pasteurized.
Disease-causing organisms in water and milk are killed by exposure to heat in a process know as pasteurization. Boiling is often recommended to achieve pasteurization. However, contaminated water and milk can be pasteurized at temperatures well below boiling, saving time and fuel.
Water heated to 149 degrees F (65 degrees C) for a short period of time is free from microbes, including E Coli, Rotaviruses, Giardia and Hepatitis A virus. At 160 degrees F (71 degrees C) milk and foods are pasteurized.
The WAPI can be used successfully over most fuel sources including wood, charcoal and gas. It also works especially well in conjunction with the solar cooker. With good sun, simple solar cookers can pasteurize water for a family at a rate of about one liter of water per hour.
Disease-causing organisms in water and milk are killed by exposure to heat in a process know as pasteurization. Boiling is often recommended to achieve pasteurization. However, contaminated water and milk can be pasteurized at temperatures well below boiling, saving time and fuel.
Water heated to 149 degrees F (65 degrees C) for a short period of time is free from microbes, including E Coli, Rotaviruses, Giardia and Hepatitis A virus. At 160 degrees F (71 degrees C) milk and foods are pasteurized.
The WAPI can be used successfully over most fuel sources including wood, charcoal and gas. It also works especially well in conjunction with the solar cooker. With good sun, simple solar cookers can pasteurize water for a family at a rate of about one liter of water per hour.
Why Make WAPIs?
The WAPI, a reusable Water Pasteurization Indicator is a simple, low cost device that can be used to determine when water has reached pasteurization temperatures.
The Importance of Pasteurization
Water related diseases are responsible for 80% of all illnesses and deaths in the developing world. An estimated 1.5 billion cases of diarrhea occur each year, resulting in the death of nearly 2 million children. Worldwide, about 1.3 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water, including nearly half of the population of sub-Sahara Africa.
Producing WAPIs and distributing them to families living in areas of the world where clean water is unavailable positively impacts world health. You can distribute the WAPI through your contacts overseas (Rotary Clubs, individual friends, NGO's, etc.) or send the finished WAPI's to "Rotary Club of Fresno, c/o Walt Parrish, 1286 E. Plymouth Way, Fresno, CA. 93720.
The Importance of Pasteurization
Water related diseases are responsible for 80% of all illnesses and deaths in the developing world. An estimated 1.5 billion cases of diarrhea occur each year, resulting in the death of nearly 2 million children. Worldwide, about 1.3 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water, including nearly half of the population of sub-Sahara Africa.
Producing WAPIs and distributing them to families living in areas of the world where clean water is unavailable positively impacts world health. You can distribute the WAPI through your contacts overseas (Rotary Clubs, individual friends, NGO's, etc.) or send the finished WAPI's to "Rotary Club of Fresno, c/o Walt Parrish, 1286 E. Plymouth Way, Fresno, CA. 93720.
Directions-How to Use a WAPI
Using solar energy to pasteurize water
SOLAR PASTEURIZATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Pour water into a black pot or jar.
Thin metal pots are ideal. If necessary, pots and lids may be painted black on the outside, with flat, nontoxic latex paint. Glass jars, painted black on the outside, also work well. Lids should have a small hole in them or be loosely screwed on to release steam pressure. Tip: Place a vertical strip of tape on the jar before painting, then remove the tape leaving a space through which to view the WAPI
2. Place a WAPI, washer down and wax up, into the water with the end of the string outside of the pot or jar. The washer end of the WAPI should rest on the bottom of the pot or jar and the wax end should be higher. Replace the lid.
3. Orient the solar cooker as you would for cooking. In general, face your cooker easterly in the morning and westerly in the afternoon.
4. Set the pot or jar in the solar cooker. If using a panel-type solar cooker, such as the CooKit, you can speed the pasteurization by placing the pot or jar inside a clear, heat resistant plastic bag. Though a plastic bag is required for cooking in this type of cooker, it is often not necessary for pasteurizing. For quicker heating use the plastic bag.
5. Leave the cooker in a sunny place for a number of hours, reorienting if necessary. Allow at least one hour per liter of water.
6. When the WAPI wax melts and falls to the bottom of the WAPI, the water has been pasteurized. Even if the water has cooled by the time you check it, as long as the wax is at the bottom of the WAPI then pasteurization has occurred.
7. Allow the water to cool before drinking.
8. Keep the water covered until use to prevent recontamination.
Don’t let fingers or unclean objects touch clean water.
If you aren’t sure, re-pasteurize the water.
SOLAR PASTEURIZATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Pour water into a black pot or jar.
Thin metal pots are ideal. If necessary, pots and lids may be painted black on the outside, with flat, nontoxic latex paint. Glass jars, painted black on the outside, also work well. Lids should have a small hole in them or be loosely screwed on to release steam pressure. Tip: Place a vertical strip of tape on the jar before painting, then remove the tape leaving a space through which to view the WAPI
2. Place a WAPI, washer down and wax up, into the water with the end of the string outside of the pot or jar. The washer end of the WAPI should rest on the bottom of the pot or jar and the wax end should be higher. Replace the lid.
3. Orient the solar cooker as you would for cooking. In general, face your cooker easterly in the morning and westerly in the afternoon.
4. Set the pot or jar in the solar cooker. If using a panel-type solar cooker, such as the CooKit, you can speed the pasteurization by placing the pot or jar inside a clear, heat resistant plastic bag. Though a plastic bag is required for cooking in this type of cooker, it is often not necessary for pasteurizing. For quicker heating use the plastic bag.
5. Leave the cooker in a sunny place for a number of hours, reorienting if necessary. Allow at least one hour per liter of water.
6. When the WAPI wax melts and falls to the bottom of the WAPI, the water has been pasteurized. Even if the water has cooled by the time you check it, as long as the wax is at the bottom of the WAPI then pasteurization has occurred.
7. Allow the water to cool before drinking.
8. Keep the water covered until use to prevent recontamination.
Don’t let fingers or unclean objects touch clean water.
If you aren’t sure, re-pasteurize the water.
How to make WAPIs
Production Process and Materials for the Original WAPIs
Materials:
1. 3/8”outside diameter x 1/4” inside diameter poly carbonate tubing. Usually comes in 8 ft. lengths.
2. 4 pound test mono-filament fish line cut into 15” lengths. 6-8 pound test line is acceptable
3. 2 each washers .174”x.4375”x.32” flat, 18-8 ss. (#8 washer)
4. 1 each flat washer, 18-8ss, 3/8” IDx1”OD.
5. Myverol 18-06 K wax. Use 3/8" of wax in tube.
Materials:
1. 3/8”outside diameter x 1/4” inside diameter poly carbonate tubing. Usually comes in 8 ft. lengths.
2. 4 pound test mono-filament fish line cut into 15” lengths. 6-8 pound test line is acceptable
3. 2 each washers .174”x.4375”x.32” flat, 18-8 ss. (#8 washer)
4. 1 each flat washer, 18-8ss, 3/8” IDx1”OD.
5. Myverol 18-06 K wax. Use 3/8" of wax in tube.
6. Bailing wire
Production Process
Station 1 – Cut tubing into lengths of 2 1/2”. Use PVC pipe cutters (easiest)
Station 2 – Using a small propane torch, heat one tube end and crimp closed with pair of pliers and let cool.
Station 3 – Put wax inside tube ( about 3/8” of wax) and add large washer over non-crimped end.
Station 4 – Using the propane torch, heat opposite end of tube and crimp using pliers. Let cool.
Station 5 – Drill 1/32” diameter hole in each flattened end of tube.
Station 6 – Cut fish line to 15” lengths. Tie one small washer (3/8”OD) to one end of fish line. Thread this line through one end of the tube, up along side of tube, under and through the large washer, and through the hole at the opposite end of the tube.
Station 7 – Tie a small washer (3/8” OD) at opposite end of fish line.
Station 8 – Cut a piece of bailing wire and form a "S" hook. One end will be larger and will hang on the lip of the pan. The opposite end will be small and will be fitted on the small washer. This arrangement prevents the WAPI from falling into the fluid in the pan.
Production Process
Station 1 – Cut tubing into lengths of 2 1/2”. Use PVC pipe cutters (easiest)
Station 2 – Using a small propane torch, heat one tube end and crimp closed with pair of pliers and let cool.
Station 3 – Put wax inside tube ( about 3/8” of wax) and add large washer over non-crimped end.
Station 4 – Using the propane torch, heat opposite end of tube and crimp using pliers. Let cool.
Station 5 – Drill 1/32” diameter hole in each flattened end of tube.
Station 6 – Cut fish line to 15” lengths. Tie one small washer (3/8”OD) to one end of fish line. Thread this line through one end of the tube, up along side of tube, under and through the large washer, and through the hole at the opposite end of the tube.
Station 7 – Tie a small washer (3/8” OD) at opposite end of fish line.
Station 8 – Cut a piece of bailing wire and form a "S" hook. One end will be larger and will hang on the lip of the pan. The opposite end will be small and will be fitted on the small washer. This arrangement prevents the WAPI from falling into the fluid in the pan.
Station # 9 Using a pan or pot of hot water (170 degrees F or better) put WAPI into the water and hook "S" hook to the rim of pan with the small end of the "S" hook hooked onto the small washer. The wax will melt (will be clear) and appear at the bottom of the tube. Check for leaks. Set aside units that leak. Pull units out of hot water and let cool. Cooled wax looks white and stays at the end of the tube.
Station 10. Dry unit and insert into plastic snack bag along with "S" hook and Instruction on "How to Use."
If unit leaks discard and save the washers for future use
Production Process and Materials for the Stainless Steel WAPIs
The latest version of the WAPI uses Stainless Steel wire rather than mono-filament fishing line. The Stainless Steel WAPI can be used with open flame heat sources without the danger of melting.
Materials:
1. 3/8”outside diameter x 1/4” inside diameter poly carbonate tubing. Usually comes in 8 ft. lengths.
2. 20lb test stainless steel wire cable cut into 14” lengths.
3. 2 each Single Barrel Compression Sleeves.
4. 1 each flat washer, 18-8ss, 3/8” IDx1”OD.
5. Myverol 18-06 K wax.
6. 1 each wire “S Hook” formed from 3” of annealed wire “Tie Wire”. The “S Hook” will be used to prevent the WAPI from falling into the pan of liquid.
Optional: Roll of ¾” masking tape.
See Sources of materials below.
Production Process (We will be happy to send a completed Stainless Steel WAPI. Once you see it, the construction process is easy to understand call Don Kremer at 831-375-5523 or email WAPI@pacbell.net).
Station 1 – Cut tubing into lengths of 2 1/2”. Use PVC pipe cutters (easiest)
Station 2 – Using a small propane torch, heat one tube end and crimp closed with pair of pliers and let cool.
Station 3 – Put wax inside tube (about 3/8” of wax) and add large washer over non-crimped end.
Station 4 – Using the propane torch, heat opposite end of tube and crimp closed using pliers. Let cool.
Station 5 – Drill 1/32” diameter hole in each flattened end of tube.
Station 6 – With small wire cutter, cut stainless steel wire cable into 14” lengths. Insert one end of the wire into a compression sleeve. Bend the cable end around and insert in the compression sleeve from the opposite end forming a loop. Using pliers (Channel Groove Pliers work well), compress the sleeve to hold the loop of wire firmly (try not to leave the exposed sharp cut end of the cable outside the compression sleeve. This prevents sticking a finger).
Thread the wire through one end of the tube, up along the side of tube, under the large washer, and through the hole at the opposite end of the tube.
Station 7 – Form a loop using the other end of the wire and a compression sleeve. This is the same procedure and in Step 6.
Station 8 – Cut a piece of bailing wire and form a "S" hook. One end will be larger and will hang on the lip of the pan. The opposite end will be small and will be fitted on the small washer. This arrangement prevents the WAPI from falling into the fluid in the pan.
Station # 9 Using a pan or pot of hot water (170 degrees F or better) put WAPI into the water and hook "S" hook to the rim of pan with the small end of the "S" hook hooked onto the small washer. The wax will melt (will be clear) and appear at the bottom of the tube. Check for leaks. Set aside units that leak. Pull units out of hot water and let cool. Cooled wax looks white and stays at the end of the tube.
Station 10. Dry unit and insert into plastic snack bag along with "S" hook and Instruction on "How to Use."
If unit leaks discard and save the washers for future use
Optional: Sometime the Stainless wire can be difficult to keep in the bag. If so, wind it around the WAPI tube and hold with a small piece of masking tape.
Who to contact?
Is your club or organization interested in making WAPI's?
Would you or your organization like to donate funds so that others can purchase materials to make WAPI's?
Are you interested in receiving WAPI's?
Do you just have questions?
You can reach us at parrishwalt@yahoo.com
We'd love to hear from you.
Would you or your organization like to donate funds so that others can purchase materials to make WAPI's?
Are you interested in receiving WAPI's?
Do you just have questions?
You can reach us at parrishwalt@yahoo.com
We'd love to hear from you.
Where to Find Supplies
Integrated Solar Cooking Now Offers WAPI Kits! Click Here for more details!
The following suppliers were used for materials for the Original WAPI:1. Washers – Fastenal Corp., 3535 W. Gettysburg Fresno CA, 93722, 559-227-1112
2. Fish line – any sporting goods store.
3. Tubing – Golden State Specialty Plastics, 8178 Belvedere Sacremento CA 95876, 916-456-7945
4. Wax – Mitsubishi International Food Ingredients, 1-800-287-9989 (Customer Service line) Ask for your local rep.
5. Snack bag – any super market.
6. Instructions. We will send a copy to you. From there find the cheapest place that prints. We had ours done at a local middle school but we supplied the paper.
We would be happy to come out and show you how to build and package.
Where to find supplies for the Stainless Steel WAPI?
The following suppliers were used for materials:
1. Washers – flat washer, 18-8ss, 3/8” IDx1”OD. Fastenal Corp., 5358 N. Barcus, Fresno, CA. 93722, 550-271-3006.
2. 20lb test Stainless Steel Wire. Malin Co. 1-800-967-9697 Ext. 202 or place order via email at clonitro@malinco.com. NOTE: When ordering from the Malin Co., mention the WAPI project to receive “Jobber” prices. The part number is P20-xxxx (the XXXX being the feet of wire on the spool). Lengths come in P20-200, P20-300, P20-600, P20-1000, P20-2000 and P20-5000.
3. Compression Sleeves. Malin CO. See item 2 above for contact information. The part number is MS3N-xxxx with the xxxx meaning the amount. The sleeves come in the following quantities: MS3N-500, MS3N-1000 and MS3N-5000. Remember that there are 2 Compression Sleeves required for each WAPI.
4. “S” hook 16ga (gauge) “Tie” annealed wire. Purchase at Hardware Store or order from Malin Co. One 5lb spool has about 485 ft. Malin Co. See above contact information in item.
5. Tubing – U.S. Plastic Corp., 1390 Neubrecht Rd., Lima, Ohio 45801, 1-800-537-9724.
6. Wax – Mitsubishi International Food Ingredients, 1-800-287-9989 (Customer Service line) Ask for your local rep.
7. Snack bag – any super market.
8. Optional: ¾” inch masking tape. Purchase at any Hardware or Paint store.
9. Instructions. We will send a WORD copy to you via email. Print the name of your organization in the lower left. Print instructions on both sides of the paper. From there find the cheapest place to copy: maybe a place of business or school. You might have to supply the paper. Using a paper cutter and cut in half for two sets of instructions per sheet.
2. Fish line – any sporting goods store.
3. Tubing – Golden State Specialty Plastics, 8178 Belvedere Sacremento CA 95876, 916-456-7945
4. Wax – Mitsubishi International Food Ingredients, 1-800-287-9989 (Customer Service line) Ask for your local rep.
5. Snack bag – any super market.
6. Instructions. We will send a copy to you. From there find the cheapest place that prints. We had ours done at a local middle school but we supplied the paper.
We would be happy to come out and show you how to build and package.
Where to find supplies for the Stainless Steel WAPI?
The following suppliers were used for materials:
1. Washers – flat washer, 18-8ss, 3/8” IDx1”OD. Fastenal Corp., 5358 N. Barcus, Fresno, CA. 93722, 550-271-3006.
2. 20lb test Stainless Steel Wire. Malin Co. 1-800-967-9697 Ext. 202 or place order via email at clonitro@malinco.com. NOTE: When ordering from the Malin Co., mention the WAPI project to receive “Jobber” prices. The part number is P20-xxxx (the XXXX being the feet of wire on the spool). Lengths come in P20-200, P20-300, P20-600, P20-1000, P20-2000 and P20-5000.
3. Compression Sleeves. Malin CO. See item 2 above for contact information. The part number is MS3N-xxxx with the xxxx meaning the amount. The sleeves come in the following quantities: MS3N-500, MS3N-1000 and MS3N-5000. Remember that there are 2 Compression Sleeves required for each WAPI.
4. “S” hook 16ga (gauge) “Tie” annealed wire. Purchase at Hardware Store or order from Malin Co. One 5lb spool has about 485 ft. Malin Co. See above contact information in item.
5. Tubing – U.S. Plastic Corp., 1390 Neubrecht Rd., Lima, Ohio 45801, 1-800-537-9724.
6. Wax – Mitsubishi International Food Ingredients, 1-800-287-9989 (Customer Service line) Ask for your local rep.
7. Snack bag – any super market.
8. Optional: ¾” inch masking tape. Purchase at any Hardware or Paint store.
9. Instructions. We will send a WORD copy to you via email. Print the name of your organization in the lower left. Print instructions on both sides of the paper. From there find the cheapest place to copy: maybe a place of business or school. You might have to supply the paper. Using a paper cutter and cut in half for two sets of instructions per sheet.
Posted by Rebecca Wage at 5:30 PM 0 comments
How to Accomplish Wapi Building
There are 2 ways to build WAPI's. Purchase a "kit" for 200 WAPIs or purchase all the component materials. For clubs overseas, the "kit" is more convenient. Purchase from "Monterey Peninsula Sunrise Rotary", 615 17 th Street, Pacific Grove, CA. 93950 or gather the materials and we can send you the wax. Requests for wax can be "e" mailed to "parrishwalt@yahoo.com" The end product is the same except for the wire and/or the monofilament line. Have fun manufacturing.